Marcy


 * Year || Law/ Policy || What it says ||
 * 1868 || United States Constitution (14th Amendment) || Section. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. ||
 * 1920s-1960s || English Immersion || Students with limited English were placed in mainstream classrooms with little to no assistance. They were also kept in the same grade until enough English was mastered to move on to more complex topics. ||
 * 1964 || Civil Rights Act: Title VI || This title declares it to be the policy of the United States that discrimination on the ground of race, color, or national origin shall not occur in connection with programs and activities receiving Federal financial assistance and authorizes and directs the appropriate Federal departments and agencies to take action to carry out this policy. ||
 * 1963 || The Bilingual Education Act, Title VII of Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1968 || This title gives money to fiscally disadvantaged students who are also ELL students for innovative programs to assist their education. ||
 * 1974 || Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA) || The EEOA prohibits specific discriminatory conduct, including segregating students on the basis of race, color or national origin, and discrimination against faculty and staff. Furthermore, the EEOA requires school districts to take action to overcome students' language barriers that impede equal participation in educational programs. ||
 * 1974 || Supreme Court Case //Lau v Nichols// || This made the distinction that the same treatment was not equal treatment. In the case of ELL student extra help is necessary in order to level the playing field for true equality in education. ||
 * 1974 || //Serna v. Portales// || The 10 Circuit Court of Appeals found that overwhelming evidence that students with a Spanish last name were not performing as well as their anglo peers. The court ordered that bilingual teachers be hired and bilingual/bicultural curriculum be added. ||
 * 1981 || //Castaneda v. Pickard// || The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals created a three part checklist to show if a school was meeting the requirements of the Equal Educational Opportunities Act. The three points are:
 * 1) Theory- the plan
 * 2) Practice- the implantation of the plan
 * 3) Results- discarding an ineffective an plan ||
 * 1982 || //Plyler v. Doe// || Schools cannot deny school age illegal aliens or children of illegal aliens an education. ||
 * 1987 || //Gomez v. Illinois// || The Federal court ruled that all state educational agencies had to comply with the three point test from the case //Castaneda v. Pickard// ||

The numbers of school age children in America are increasing dramatically. In the span of 30 years from 1970-2000 the number of students who are immigrants or are children of immigrants has tripled. Estimates have been made that the entire school age population will double by 2100. Consider the resources necessary to properly educate that many children. Also note that the majority if not the entirety of the increase will be due to immigration. There is a reason why the recent push for laws has come about because of the increase in numbers of students.

Schools should have in place an Equal Access Plan for students that are ELL (English Language Learners) before a student arrives so that the plan may take effect immediately. It is up to the local school board to create the plan, which of course cannot conflict with state and federal regulations. How prepared is your local school? Take this quiz and find out. [|What is Your School's Equity Policy Quotient (EPQ)?]

http://www.alliance.brown.edu/tdl/policy/index.shtml http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/title_vi.htm http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/amendment14/ http://www.justice.gov/crt/edo/faq.php#4 http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/linguistics/people/grads/macswan/lau.htm http://www.idra.org/South_Central_Collaborative_for_Equity/National_Origin_Desegregation/Laws_and_Court_Cases/ http://www2.sfasu.edu/enlace/modules/Chronology%20of%20Federal%20Law%20Guiding%20ELL%20Policy%20and%20Practice%20from%20TEA.pdf http://www.fairus.org/site/PageServer?pagename=iic_immigrationissuecenters51f8